[
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    "id": "aba512",
    "canonical": "{\"cat\":\"AI, candor & sanctions\",\"cite\":\"ABA Formal Op. 512\",\"court\":\"ABA Standing Committee on Ethics & Professional Responsibility\",\"id\":\"aba512\",\"kind\":\"rule\",\"name\":\"ABA Formal Opinion 512\",\"pin\":\"\",\"rule\":\"Lawyers using generative AI must understand the tool, protect client confidences, verify output, and supervise it under Model Rules 1.1, 1.4, 1.5, 1.6, 3.3 and 5.1/5.3.\",\"src\":\"https://www.americanbar.org/content/dam/aba/administrative/professional_responsibility/ethics-opinions/aba-formal-opinion-512.pdf\",\"use\":\"Sets the human-review gate on every AI-assisted draft.\",\"year\":2024}",
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    "canonical": "{\"cat\":\"Intellectual property\",\"cite\":\"573 U.S. 208\",\"court\":\"Supreme Court of the United States\",\"id\":\"alice\",\"kind\":\"case\",\"name\":\"Alice Corp. v. CLS Bank International\",\"pin\":\"217–18\",\"rule\":\"Two steps: is the claim directed to an abstract idea, and if so, does it add an inventive concept that transforms it into patent-eligible subject matter.\",\"src\":\"https://tile.loc.gov/storage-services/service/ll/usrep/usrep573/usrep573208/usrep573208.pdf\",\"use\":\"Screen for software and protocol patent filings.\",\"year\":2014}",
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    "id": "caremark",
    "canonical": "{\"cat\":\"Corporate governance\",\"cite\":\"698 A.2d 959\",\"court\":\"Delaware Court of Chancery\",\"id\":\"caremark\",\"kind\":\"case\",\"name\":\"In re Caremark Int'l Inc. Derivative Litigation\",\"pin\":\"970\",\"rule\":\"Directors must make a good-faith effort to ensure an adequate corporate information and reporting system exists.\",\"src\":\"https://www.courtlistener.com/opinion/1968607/in-re-caremark-intern-inc-deriv-lit/\",\"srcLabel\":\"Unofficial copy (CourtListener)\",\"use\":\"Basis for the board-oversight trail the approvals room records.\",\"year\":1996}",
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    "id": "celotex",
    "canonical": "{\"cat\":\"Pleading & procedure\",\"cite\":\"477 U.S. 317\",\"court\":\"Supreme Court of the United States\",\"id\":\"celotex\",\"kind\":\"case\",\"name\":\"Celotex Corp. v. Catrett\",\"pin\":\"322\",\"rule\":\"Summary judgment is proper against a party who cannot make a showing sufficient to establish an essential element of its case on which it bears the burden of proof.\",\"src\":\"https://tile.loc.gov/storage-services/service/ll/usrep/usrep477/usrep477317/usrep477317.pdf\",\"use\":\"Drives the evidence-gap check on each element of a matter.\",\"year\":1986}",
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    "id": "ch973d",
    "canonical": "{\"cat\":\"Statutes & regulations\",\"cite\":\"CO Art. 973d\",\"court\":\"Swiss Confederation\",\"id\":\"ch973d\",\"kind\":\"statute\",\"name\":\"Swiss Code of Obligations Art. 973d\",\"pin\":\"\",\"rule\":\"Ledger-based securities (Registerwertrechte) can be created and transferred on a distributed ledger under a registration agreement.\",\"src\":\"https://www.fedlex.admin.ch/eli/cc/27/317_321_377/en\",\"use\":\"Direct on-ledger issuance under Swiss law.\",\"year\":2021}",
    "sha256": "b8543916d63d06907a125c5a1f551e7849875e7cfdd16c0cb9c035c6ecf768a2"
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  {
    "id": "daubert",
    "canonical": "{\"cat\":\"Evidence & authentication\",\"cite\":\"509 U.S. 579\",\"court\":\"Supreme Court of the United States\",\"id\":\"daubert\",\"kind\":\"case\",\"name\":\"Daubert v. Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals, Inc.\",\"pin\":\"589\",\"rule\":\"The trial judge acts as gatekeeper and must ensure expert scientific testimony is both relevant and reliable.\",\"src\":\"https://tile.loc.gov/storage-services/service/ll/usrep/usrep509/usrep509579/usrep509579.pdf\",\"use\":\"Governs how forensic and hashing methodology is presented through an expert.\",\"year\":1993}",
    "sha256": "08225029c8aa1d3ca9aa7ac07ddbd67a75677fcb783627d264b4afb9eaf24264"
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    "id": "dgcl224",
    "canonical": "{\"cat\":\"Statutes & regulations\",\"cite\":\"8 Del. C. § 224\",\"court\":\"State of Delaware\",\"id\":\"dgcl224\",\"kind\":\"statute\",\"name\":\"Delaware General Corporation Law § 224\",\"pin\":\"\",\"rule\":\"Corporate records, including the stock ledger, may be kept on or by means of electronic networks or databases, including distributed ledgers.\",\"src\":\"https://delcode.delaware.gov/title8/c001/sc07/\",\"use\":\"Statutory footing for on-ledger cap tables.\",\"year\":2017}",
    "sha256": "0d401336c25d730bf1e492d9c4863a5f32c31a4d9fe9b714dcaa1dc0d8803fbc"
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    "id": "fre90213",
    "canonical": "{\"cat\":\"Evidence & authentication\",\"cite\":\"Fed. R. Evid. 902(13)\",\"court\":\"Federal Rules of Evidence\",\"id\":\"fre90213\",\"kind\":\"rule\",\"name\":\"Federal Rule of Evidence 902(13)\",\"pin\":\"\",\"rule\":\"A record generated by an electronic process or system that produces an accurate result is self-authenticating when supported by a certification of a qualified person.\",\"src\":\"https://www.uscourts.gov/sites/default/files/document/federal-rules-of-evidence.pdf#page=40\",\"use\":\"The certification path for system-generated records out of the evidence room.\",\"year\":2017}",
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    "canonical": "{\"cat\":\"Evidence & authentication\",\"cite\":\"Fed. R. Evid. 902(14)\",\"court\":\"Federal Rules of Evidence\",\"id\":\"fre90214\",\"kind\":\"rule\",\"name\":\"Federal Rule of Evidence 902(14)\",\"pin\":\"\",\"rule\":\"Data copied from a device, storage medium or file is self-authenticating if identified by a process of digital identification — in practice, a hash — and certified by a qualified person.\",\"src\":\"https://www.uscourts.gov/sites/default/files/document/federal-rules-of-evidence.pdf#page=40\",\"use\":\"Why every exhibit is fingerprinted at ingest. The certification still has to come from a person.\",\"year\":2017}",
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    "sha256": "f279dd7761d24f4438d389e8181f36f2c0605c0312574d5a89e1bf7b0fa5800e"
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    "canonical": "{\"cat\":\"Securities & digital assets\",\"cite\":\"328 U.S. 293\",\"court\":\"Supreme Court of the United States\",\"id\":\"howey\",\"kind\":\"case\",\"name\":\"SEC v. W.J. Howey Co.\",\"pin\":\"298–99\",\"rule\":\"An investment contract is an investment of money in a common enterprise with an expectation of profits from the efforts of others.\",\"src\":\"https://tile.loc.gov/storage-services/service/ll/usrep/usrep328/usrep328293/usrep328293.pdf\",\"use\":\"First screen on every token or fractional-interest structure.\",\"year\":1946}",
    "sha256": "29eb1d313555b492dadb0c5d5387b474f5b5218974b377bc27bf8053530b18e9"
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    "canonical": "{\"cat\":\"Pleading & procedure\",\"cite\":\"556 U.S. 662\",\"court\":\"Supreme Court of the United States\",\"id\":\"iqbal\",\"kind\":\"case\",\"name\":\"Ashcroft v. Iqbal\",\"pin\":\"678\",\"rule\":\"A complaint survives a motion to dismiss only if it pleads enough factual matter, accepted as true, to state a claim that is plausible on its face.\",\"src\":\"https://tile.loc.gov/storage-services/service/ll/usrep/usrep556/usrep556662/usrep556662.pdf\",\"use\":\"Sets the bar every pleading drafted in the workspace is checked against.\",\"year\":2009}",
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    "canonical": "{\"cat\":\"Corporate governance\",\"cite\":\"212 A.3d 805\",\"court\":\"Supreme Court of Delaware\",\"id\":\"marchand\",\"kind\":\"case\",\"name\":\"Marchand v. Barnhill\",\"pin\":\"824\",\"rule\":\"A board must make a good-faith effort to implement and monitor a reporting system for mission-critical compliance risk.\",\"src\":\"https://courts.delaware.gov/Opinions/Download.aspx?id=291200\",\"use\":\"Sharpens Caremark for regulated and mission-critical operations.\",\"year\":2019}",
    "sha256": "be58af2c34eb4dce333eb67e92d31c55fbeddde1c6345702376967b2dde0c267"
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    "id": "mata",
    "canonical": "{\"cat\":\"AI, candor & sanctions\",\"cite\":\"678 F. Supp. 3d 443\",\"court\":\"U.S. District Court, S.D.N.Y.\",\"id\":\"mata\",\"kind\":\"case\",\"name\":\"Mata v. Avianca, Inc.\",\"pin\":\"\",\"rule\":\"Rule 11 sanctions imposed on counsel who filed a brief citing non-existent decisions generated by an AI tool and then stood by them.\",\"src\":\"https://www.ctd.uscourts.gov/sites/default/files/Mata-v.-Avianca.pdf\",\"srcLabel\":\"Copy hosted by D. Conn.\",\"use\":\"The reason the citation verifier below exists.\",\"year\":2023}",
    "sha256": "d84221f419e2858b19b1b6f0d6b76dfae2a3884075c59e591cf0fdcf1eb89eee"
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    "id": "mica",
    "canonical": "{\"cat\":\"Statutes & regulations\",\"cite\":\"Regulation (EU) 2023/1114\",\"court\":\"European Union\",\"id\":\"mica\",\"kind\":\"statute\",\"name\":\"Markets in Crypto-Assets Regulation (MiCA)\",\"pin\":\"\",\"rule\":\"EU-wide authorization and conduct regime for crypto-asset issuers and service providers, with specific rules for asset-referenced and e-money tokens.\",\"src\":\"https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2023/1114/oj\",\"use\":\"Passporting path for EU distribution.\",\"year\":2023}",
    "sha256": "977bcba0ca51fd2781e31e45ad8ad0b0ecec4dd1539a5899cedebc8d1ffa0d0a"
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    "id": "nyucc12",
    "canonical": "{\"cat\":\"Statutes & regulations\",\"cite\":\"N.Y. U.C.C. art. 12\",\"court\":\"State of New York\",\"id\":\"nyucc12\",\"kind\":\"statute\",\"name\":\"New York UCC Article 12\",\"pin\":\"\",\"rule\":\"New York enacted the 2022 UCC amendments, including Article 12, in December 2025 — bringing CER control and take-free rules to New York-law deals.\",\"src\":\"https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/laws/UCC/A12\",\"use\":\"Most institutional finance documents choose New York law; this closes the gap.\",\"year\":2025}",
    "sha256": "b7ccc0418e47ab9d0e81536945c8767b87d3222c4c25269a66ca94e73f3016af"
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    "id": "reves",
    "canonical": "{\"cat\":\"Securities & digital assets\",\"cite\":\"494 U.S. 56\",\"court\":\"Supreme Court of the United States\",\"id\":\"reves\",\"kind\":\"case\",\"name\":\"Reves v. Ernst & Young\",\"pin\":\"64–67\",\"rule\":\"A note is presumed to be a security unless it bears a strong family resemblance to a recognized non-security instrument, judged on four factors.\",\"src\":\"https://tile.loc.gov/storage-services/service/ll/usrep/usrep494/usrep494056/usrep494056.pdf\",\"use\":\"Applied to tokenized debt, loan participations and notes.\",\"year\":1990}",
    "sha256": "89e2ca66862a96c3099124c71208816f5842f90b1954de2b834f40351171d038"
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    "id": "ripple",
    "canonical": "{\"cat\":\"Securities & digital assets\",\"cite\":\"682 F. Supp. 3d 308\",\"court\":\"U.S. District Court, S.D.N.Y.\",\"id\":\"ripple\",\"kind\":\"case\",\"name\":\"SEC v. Ripple Labs, Inc.\",\"pin\":\"\",\"rule\":\"On summary judgment, institutional sales of XRP were investment contracts; programmatic sales to anonymous buyers on exchanges were not.\",\"src\":\"https://www.nysd.uscourts.gov/sites/default/files/2023-07/SEC%20vs%20Ripple%207-13-23.pdf\",\"use\":\"District-court ruling, not binding precedent; cited for how distribution channel affects the Howey analysis.\",\"year\":2023}",
    "sha256": "8eeab2d133029211f3eb2a20d4c2f2db77b44f3c12e03004bd467c6d23d952c0"
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    "id": "twombly",
    "canonical": "{\"cat\":\"Pleading & procedure\",\"cite\":\"550 U.S. 544\",\"court\":\"Supreme Court of the United States\",\"id\":\"twombly\",\"kind\":\"case\",\"name\":\"Bell Atlantic Corp. v. Twombly\",\"pin\":\"570\",\"rule\":\"Allegations must move a claim from merely conceivable to plausible; labels and conclusions are not enough.\",\"src\":\"https://tile.loc.gov/storage-services/service/ll/usrep/usrep550/usrep550544/usrep550544.pdf\",\"use\":\"Paired with Iqbal as the plausibility standard.\",\"year\":2007}",
    "sha256": "7f119633ccf2b5d63c0a4afe0d2636d6335336b0a4bc92088c5e7c5e526f2a9f"
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    "id": "ucc12",
    "canonical": "{\"cat\":\"Statutes & regulations\",\"cite\":\"U.C.C. art. 12 (2022 amends.)\",\"court\":\"Uniform Law Commission / American Law Institute\",\"id\":\"ucc12\",\"kind\":\"statute\",\"name\":\"UCC Article 12 — Controllable Electronic Records\",\"pin\":\"\",\"rule\":\"Defines \\\"control\\\" of a controllable electronic record and lets a qualifying purchaser take it free of competing property claims; adopted state by state.\",\"src\":\"https://www.uniformlaws.org/HigherLogic/System/DownloadDocumentFile.ashx?DocumentFileKey=67fe571b-e8ad-caf8-4530-d8b59bdca805&forceDialog=0\",\"use\":\"Perfection and priority for tokenized receivables and records. Check adoption in the governing state.\",\"year\":2022}",
    "sha256": "b760206486daba7c3b3cc7ca36a4eb236f409ea89c10e71318e4f2c750a08e0e"
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    "id": "ukpda",
    "canonical": "{\"cat\":\"Statutes & regulations\",\"cite\":\"Act of Parliament\",\"court\":\"United Kingdom Parliament\",\"id\":\"ukpda\",\"kind\":\"statute\",\"name\":\"Property (Digital Assets etc) Act 2025\",\"pin\":\"\",\"rule\":\"Confirms a thing is not excluded from being personal property merely because it is neither a thing in possession nor a thing in action — opening a third category for digital assets.\",\"src\":\"https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/29\",\"use\":\"Property-law footing for English-law custody, insolvency and tracing.\",\"year\":2025}",
    "sha256": "954c40bec81d3bd634d64f57ab3021ebbdb22dd19b1b863d65a4b27c76b0b8cd"
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    "canonical": "{\"cat\":\"Statutes & regulations\",\"cite\":\"Wyo. Stat. § 17-31-101 et seq.\",\"court\":\"State of Wyoming\",\"id\":\"wy1731\",\"kind\":\"statute\",\"name\":\"Wyoming DAO Supplement\",\"pin\":\"\",\"rule\":\"Lets a limited liability company organize as a decentralized autonomous organization managed by members or smart contracts.\",\"src\":\"https://wyoleg.gov/statutes/compress/title17.pdf#page=772\",\"use\":\"Entity wrapper for blockchain-governed vehicles (DAO LLCs).\",\"year\":2021}",
    "sha256": "00093d13569d3523ccf12f5ba792fe10672ea1004a87aa81b004e011f5568f77"
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    "canonical": "{\"cat\":\"Statutes & regulations\",\"cite\":\"Wyo. Stat. § 34-29-101 et seq.\",\"court\":\"State of Wyoming\",\"id\":\"wy3429\",\"kind\":\"statute\",\"name\":\"Wyoming Digital Assets Act\",\"pin\":\"\",\"rule\":\"Classifies digital assets as property within the UCC and provides for perfection of security interests in them by control.\",\"src\":\"https://wyoleg.gov/statutes/compress/title34.pdf#page=208\",\"use\":\"Default governing-law option for asset vaults.\",\"year\":2019}",
    "sha256": "abc57c8adf7878c50b928cefd39a433e65439f5102d3cd35c47ca90c515f018c"
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